Iterambere ry'ubwikorezi bw'amakontena yo mu ngo mu Bushinwa
Icyiciro cya mbere cyo gutwara amakontena yo mu gihugu
Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi mu gihugu mu Bushinwa bwatangiye kare cyane. Mu myaka ya 1950, amakontena y'ibiti yari asanzwe akoreshwa mu gutwara imizigo hagati y'icyambu cya Shanghai n'icyambu cya Dalian.
Mu myaka ya 1970, amakontena y'icyuma—cyane cyane mu buryo bwa toni 5 na toni 10—yashyizwe muri sisitemu ya gari ya moshi maze buhoro buhoro yongera gukoreshwa mu gutwara abantu mu mazi.
Ariko, bitewe n'ibintu byinshi bibangamira ubuzima nko:
• Amafaranga menshi yo gukora
• Umusaruro udatera imbere
• Ubushobozi buke bw'isoko
• Ubusabe budahagije mu gihugu
Izamuka ry'ubwikorezi bw'amakontenari yo mu gihugu busanzwe
Gukomeza gushimangira ivugurura n’ifungurwa ry’imari mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’ivugurura ry’ubukungu, byihutishije cyane iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu.
Gutwara amakontena byatangiye gutera imbere, cyane cyane mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja, aho ibikorwa remezo n'ibikoresho byarushijeho gutera imbere.
Kwaguka kwa serivisi z'ubucuruzi bw'amakontenari byatanze ibihe byiza byo gukura kw'isoko ry'ubwikorezi bw'amakontenari imbere mu gihugu, bitanga:
• Ubunararibonye bw'ingirakamaro mu mikorere
• Imiyoboro minini y'ibikoresho
• Imbuga zitanga amakuru zihamye
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyabaye ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1996, ubwo ubwato bwa mbere bw’Abashinwa bwo mu gihugu, ubwato “Fengshun”, bwahagurukaga ku cyambu cya Xiamen butwaye amakontena mpuzamahanga asanzwe akoreshwa muri rusange. Iki gikorwa cyabaye intangiriro yemewe y’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gihugu ku byambu by’Abashinwa.
Ibiranga ubwikorezi bw'amakontena yo mu mazi mu bucuruzi bw'imbere mu gihugu birimo:
01. Umusaruro mwinshi
Gutwara ibintu mu makontena bituma ibicuruzwa bipakirwa kandi bigapakururwa vuba, bigabanya umubare w’ibicuruzwa bitwarwa n’ibitwarwa, kandi bikongera imikorere myiza muri rusange mu gutwara ibintu. Muri icyo gihe, ingano isanzwe y’amakontena ituma amato n’ibyambu bihura neza, birushaho kunoza imikorere myiza y’ubwikorezi.
02. Ijyanye n'ubukungu
Gutwara amakontena mu mazi akenshi birahendutse kuruta gutwara ubutaka. Cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa binini n'ubwikorezi bw'intera ndende, gutwara amakontena mu mazi bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi.
03. Umutekano
Icyo gikoresho gifite imiterere ikomeye kandi gifunga neza, gishobora kurinda ibicuruzwa kwangirika kw'ibidukikije byo hanze. Muri icyo gihe, ingamba z'umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu mazi zituma ibicuruzwa bitwarwa neza.
04. Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri
Gutwara ibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe kontineri bituma byoroha ko ibicuruzwa bivanwa ku cyambu kimwe bijya ku kindi, bigatuma habaho imikoranire myiza hagati y’ubwikorezi butandukanye. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma ubwikorezi bw’amakontineri yo mu mazi mu gihugu bushobora guhuza n’ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye.
05. Kurengera ibidukikije
Ugereranyije no gutwara abantu mu muhanda, gutwara amakontena yo mu mazi bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ibi bikaba bifasha kugabanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, gutwara amakontena bigabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’imyanda ikoreshwa mu gupakira, ibyo bikaba ari byiza mu kurengera ibidukikije.
| Inzira zo mu Majyepfo y'Ubushinwa | Ibyambu byo kujyamo | Igihe cyo gutwara abantu |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (binyuze kuri Nansha Icyiciro cya IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nanâ € ™ an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Iminsi 3 |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (unyuze kuri Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nanâ € ™ an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Iminsi 3 |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (unyuze kuri Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Iminsi 3 |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Iminsi 5 |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | Iminsi 5 |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Iminsi 7 |
| Inzira zo mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa | Ibyambu byo kujyamo | Igihe cyo gutwara abantu |
| Shanghai / Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Iminsi 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (binyuze kuri Tianjin) | Iminsi 2.5 |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (inyuze kuri Pacific International Terminal) | Iminsi 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | Iminsi 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (unyuze kuri Rizhao, kandi uhuza Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, na Weifang) | Iminsi 2.5 |
| Inzira z'uruzi rwa Yangtze | Ibyambu byo kujyamo | Igihe cyo gutwara abantu |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Iminsi 7-8 |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (unyuze kuri Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Iminsi 20 |
Umuyoboro w’amakontenari ukoreshwa mu gihugu ubu wageze ku rwego rwuzuye mu turere two ku nkombe z’Ubushinwa no mu nkengero z’imigezi minini. Inzira zose zisanzwe zikora ku buryo buhamye kandi buteganyijwe. Amasosiyete akomeye yo gutwara amakontenari mu gihugu akora mu gutwara amakontenari ari ku nkombe z’imigezi harimo: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, na Antong Holdings.
Icyambu cya Taicang cyatangije serivisi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye ku bibuga bya Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, na Nanchang, ndetse no kongera ingendo zijya muri Suqian. Izi ntambwe zishimangira imikoranire n'uturere tw'ingenzi tw'imizigo mu ntara za Anhui, Henan na Jiangxi. Hari intambwe ikomeye yatewe mu kwagura isoko ku gice cyo hagati cy'uruzi rwa Yangtze.
Ubwoko busanzwe bw'amakonteyineri mu kohereza amakonteyineri mu gihugu
Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni:
• 20GP (Igikoresho rusange gifite metero 20)
• Ingano z'imbere: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Uburemere ntarengwa: toni 27
• Ingano ikoreshwa: 24–26 CBM
• Izina ry'irihimbano: "Igikoresho gito"
• 40GP (Igikoresho rusange gifite metero 40)
• Ingano z'imbere: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Uburemere ntarengwa: toni 26
• Ingano ikoreshwa: hafi 54 CBM
• Izina ry'irihimbano: "Igikoresho gisanzwe"
• 40HQ (Ikigega cy'imodoka gifite uburebure bwa metero 40)
• Ingano z'imbere: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Uburemere ntarengwa: toni 26
• Ingano ikoreshwa: hafi 68 CBM
• Izina ry'irihimbano: "Igikoresho cy'urukuta rurerure"
Ibyifuzo byo gushyira mu bikorwa:
• 20GP ikwiriye imizigo iremereye nk'amatafari, imbaho, uduce twa pulasitiki, n'imiti ipakiye mu ngoma.
• 40GP / 40HQ zikwiriye cyane imizigo yoroheje cyangwa minini, cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byihariye, nk'imigozi y'ubukorikori, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyangwa ibice by'imashini.
Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga: Kuva i Shanghai kugera i Guangdong
Umukiriya wacu yabanje gukoresha ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda kugira ngo azane ibicuruzwa biva i Shanghai bijya i Guangdong. Buri kamyo ya metero 13 yatwaraga toni 33 z'imizigo ku giciro cya RMB 9.000 kuri buri rugendo, igihe cyo kubitwara kikaba iminsi 2.
Nyuma yo guhindura uburyo bwacu bwo gutwara ibintu mu mazi, imizigo ubu yoherezwa hakoreshejwe kontineri 40HQ, buri kontineri itwara toni 26. Igiciro gishya cy'ibikoresho ni RMB 5,800 kuri kontineri imwe, naho igihe cyo kuyitwara ni iminsi 6.
Ukurikije ikiguzi, ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi bugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa—kuva kuri RMB 272 kuri toni kugeza kuri RMB 223 kuri toni—bigatuma hafi RMB 49 kuri toni zigabanuka.
Ku bijyanye n'igihe, gutwara abantu mu mazi bifata iminsi 4 ugereranyije n'ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda. Ibi bisaba ko umukiriya agira impinduka zijyanye n'igenamigambi ry'ububiko bw'ibintu n'ingengabihe y'umusaruro kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho kwangirika kw'ibikorwa.
Umwanzuro:
Iyo umukiriya adakeneye koherezwa byihutirwa kandi akaba ashobora gutegura umusaruro n'ububiko mbere y'igihe, uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu mazi butanga igisubizo cyihuse, gihamye kandi kitangiza ibidukikije.