Ni gute ibi bikurikira bibiri bikoresha ububiko bufite ingwate mu gukemura ibibazo by’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere?
Urubanza rwa Mbere:Isosiyete A ni ikigo gishya gitanga serivisi z'ikoranabuhanga giteganya kwagura ubucuruzi bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ariko gihanganye n'ibibazo by'ingenzi bikurikira:
1. Nta burenganzira bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga): Ntishobora gutangaza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ngo icunge imisoro mu izina ryayo, ibyo bikaba bibangamira iterambere ry'ubucuruzi.
2. Ubwinshi bw'ubucuruzi buke kandi budahindagurika: Ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa biratandukanye, bifite ubwoko bwinshi n'amatsinda mato, bigatuma kubaka itsinda rishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu buryo budahenze.
3. Abakozi bake: Kubura abakozi b'inzobere mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga, gutangaza imisoro, kwandika inyandiko, no gutunganya ivunjisha.
4. Igitutu cyo kugenzura ibiciro kiri hejuru: Iyo uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bwifashishijwe n’umuntu ku giti cye bukoreshejwe, ikiguzi cyo kugura ibintu kiba kiri hejuru, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ibintu kigorana kwihanganira.
Isosiyete A yahisemo uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'umutungo uciriritse bwa "Bonded Warehouse + Entrepot Trade", butuma isosiyete itangiza vuba ubucuruzi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kugera ku kunoza uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa no gutegura imisoro.
I. Ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi by'iyi moderi:
1.Yemewe n'amategeko kandi yubahiriza amategeko: Ikoresha ubucuruzi bw'ibigo by'ubucuruzi n'ingamba zo kugabanya imisoro y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa kugira ngo yirinde kubura uburenganzira bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga).
2. Ifite ubukungu kandi ikora neza: Igabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura (abatanga ibicuruzwa bungukira ku misoro) kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi n'ibikorwa.
3.Ingaruka zishobora kugenzurwa: Ibigo by'abanyamwuga bikora inzira zigoye, gukwirakwiza inguzanyo n'ingaruka z'ivunjisha.
Inshingano nyamukuru y'uburyo nk'ubwo buhuriweho ni ugushyiraho urunigi rw'ibicuruzwa rushobora koroshya serivisi no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi ku bakiliya. Iki ni igisubizo cyoroheje, gihendutse, gitangira vuba, cyujuje ibisabwa, kandi cyizewe, cyane cyane kibereye ibigo bishya by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga.
Urugero rwa Kabiri: Isosiyete B ni ikigo kinini gifite inganda zo mu mahanga. Gikora mu kugura ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibice byacyo imbere mu gihugu, hanyuma bikoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo biteranyirizwe. Ingorane zigaragara zirimo kwiyongera gukomeye k'umubare w'abakozi bashinzwe imenyekanishamutungo n'ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'abakozi bashinzwe gutunganya imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga icyarimwe.
Isosiyete B yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zihuriweho za "Bonded Warehouse" na "Entrepot Trade" kugira ngo igabanyirize ikiguzi, irusheho kunoza imikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa, kandi iteganye imisoro kuri iyo sosiyete.
I. Ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi by'iyi moderi:
1. Koroshya cyane akazi ko gutangaza imenyekanisha rya gasutamo:
● Itangazo Rihuriweho: Abatanga ibicuruzwa bashobora kugeza ibice mu gace kagenzurwa (ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu byinjira muri ako gace bifatwa nk'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko inzira zo gutangaza ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo zoroshywa). Hanyuma, ikigo B gishobora guhuriza hamwe ibicuruzwa bivuye mu batanga ibicuruzwa benshi hashingiwe kuri gahunda y'umusaruro w'uruganda rwo mu mahanga, gikora imenyekanisha rya gasutamo rimwe gusa ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bigabanya cyane inshuro z'imenyekanisha.
● Gutembera mu Karere: Kubika, gukwirakwiza, gutondekanya no gupakira ibicuruzwa mu Karere gafite ingwate ntibisaba imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, bigabanya cyane imirimo yo gutangaza ibikorwa bya buri munsi.
2. Kugabanyirizwa umusoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byihutishijwe kandi mbere y’igihe:
● Igabanyirizwa ry'amafaranga igihe cyinjiye: Iyo ibicuruzwa by'abagurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu byinjiye mu gace gafite ingwate, bifatwa nk'aho byoherejwe mu mahanga. Isosiyete B ishobora guhita isaba igabanyirizwa ry'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro hashingiwe ku nyandiko z'imenyekanisha ry'amafaranga, idategereje ko ibicuruzwa bisohoka mu gihugu. Ibi biteza imbere inzira yo kugabanyirizwa, bikongera urujya n'uruza rw'amafaranga, kandi icyarimwe bigabanya umuvuduko w'akazi ku ishami ry'imari uterwa no gutegereza no gukurikirana inyandiko.
● Gucunga Inyandiko Koroheye: Uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi butandukanijwe n'icyiciro cya nyuma cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bigatuma inyandiko zirushaho kuba nziza kandi zoroshye kuzicunga.
3. Gutunganya no Gukwirakwiza Ibicuruzwa:
● Gushyiraho Ikigo Gishinzwe Gukwirakwiza Ibicuruzwa mu Karere: Gushyiraho ikigo cyo kubika ibikoresho mu gace gafite ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo gikore ikwirakwizwa rya JIT (Just-In-Time) hakurikijwe gahunda y’iteranya ry’uruganda rwo mu mahanga, binoze uburyo uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa rukora neza.
● Gabanya ikiguzi cyo gutumiza ibintu mu bihe byihutirwa: Iyo uruganda rwo mu mahanga rufite ibyo rukeneye byihutirwa, ibicuruzwa bishobora koherezwa vuba bivuye mu bubiko bw’akarere, hirindwa ikiguzi cyihuse cyo gutwara ibintu n’igihe gitinze kijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye biva mu Bushinwa.
II. Agaciro k'ingamba kagejejwe kuri sosiyete:
1. Kunoza ibiciro:
● Ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa: Ibicuruzwa ntibisoreshwa imisoro n'imisoro ijyanye n'ibitumizwa mu mahanga mu gihe cyo kubibika muri ako gace, bigabanura uburyo bwo kubikoresha mu gushora imari
● Guhuza ibicuruzwa: Bituma ibicuruzwa bihuzwa n'abantu benshi batumijwe n'abatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kugira ngo bisangire amakontenari, bigabanura ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho mpuzamahanga.
2. Kwagura icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi:
● Gusana no Gupima: Ishobora gukora serivisi zo gusana ibikoresho byinjijwe mu mahanga mu karere, cyangwa igakora isuzuma nyuma yo kugurisha ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga, ikagura serivisi.
● Gutunganya byoroshye: Niba bikenewe guteranya byoroshye, gushyiramo ibirango, nibindi, mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bishobora gukorwa muri ako gace, bikagira politiki zifatanye.
3. Gucunga ibyago no kubahiriza amategeko:
● Gushyira mu kato ingaruka ku bicuruzwa bya gasutamo: Ibicuruzwa birangiza gutangaza ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga iyo byinjijwe mu karere. Ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa nyuma y’ibyo bicuruzwa birigenga, bigabanya ibyago byo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga muri rusange bitewe n’ibibazo biri mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
● Kubahiriza Amategeko: Nk'agace kihariye gashinzwe kugenzura gasutamo, Agace k'imigabane gakorera ku buryo busanzwe, gafasha ibigo kunoza urwego rw'amategeko agenga ubucuruzi muri rusange.
Ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi nka "gutanga amasoko yo mu gihugu, inteko ikorera mu mahanga" ya Kompanyi B, gukoresha Akarere gafite imipaka nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu ruhererekane mpuzamahanga rw'ibicuruzwa si uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by'akazi biriho gusa. Ni imiterere y'ingamba zo kunoza imikorere myiza y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi, kunoza imiterere y'imari n'imisoro, no gushyigikira kwagura ubucuruzi mu gihe kirekire. Bishobora guhindura imirimo ya gasutamo n'igabanywa ry'amafaranga yari yaraciwemo ibice, ikoreshwa kenshi, ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bihuriweho, binoze kandi biteganywa, bitanga agaciro gakomeye!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2025