Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo ku Bijyanye n'Ibintu

I. Igihe cyo gutanga

1. Bizatwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo imizigo igere?

- Biterwa n'aho inkomoko, aho ijya, n'uburyo bwo gutwara (inyanja/ikirere/ubutaka).
- Igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa gishobora gutangwa, hamwe n'ibitinda bitewe n'ikirere, imisoro ya gasutamo, cyangwa ijyanwa ry'ibicuruzwa.

2. Ese gutanga vuba birahari? Ikiguzi ni ikihe?

- Hari uburyo bwihuse bwo gutwara ibintu mu kirere no kwishyura ibicuruzwa byihutirwa kuri gasutamo.
- Amafaranga aterwa n'uburemere bw'imizigo, ingano yayo, n'aho ijya. Igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyitwara kigomba kwemezwa mbere y'igihe; amabwiriza yatinze ashobora kutayujuje ibisabwa.

II. Amafaranga y'ubwikorezi n'ibiciro by'imizigo

1. Ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi kibarwa gute?

- Ubwikorezi = Amafaranga y'ibanze (ashingiye ku buremere nyabwo cyangwa uburemere bw'ingano, uko ari ko kose ari menshi) + amafaranga y'inyongera (lisansi, amafaranga yo mu gace ka kure, nibindi).
- Urugero: imizigo ya 100kg ifite ingano ya 1CBM (1CBM = 167kg), yishyuzwa 167kg.

2. Kuki ikiguzi nyacyo kiri hejuru y’ikiguzi cyari giteganyijwe?

- Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:
• Uburemere/ingano nyayo yarenze urugero rwagenwe
• Inyongera ku mafaranga yo mu gace ka kure
• Inyongera ku mafaranga y'igihe runaka cyangwa ay'ubwinshi bw'ibintu
• Amafaranga y'ibyambu byo kujyayo

III. Umutekano w'imizigo n'ibindi bidasanzwe

1. Indishyi ku mitwaro yangiritse cyangwa yatakaye zifatwa zite?

- Inyandiko zishyigikira nk'amafoto yo gupakira n'inyemezabuguzi zirakenewe.
- Iyo ufite ubwishingizi, indishyi zikurikiza amabwiriza y'umwishingizi; bitabaye ibyo, zishingira ku mubare ntarengwa w'ubwishingizi cyangwa agaciro katangajwe.

2. Ni ibihe bisabwa mu gupfunyika?

- Bisabwa: amakarito y'ibipande 5 bya koriti, amasanduku y'ibiti, cyangwa amapaki.
- Ibicuruzwa byoroshye, by’amazi cyangwa ibikomoka kuri chimique bigomba gushimangirwa by’umwihariko kugira ngo bihuze n’amahame mpuzamahanga yo gupakira (urugero, icyemezo cya Loni).

3. Ifungwa rya gasutamo rikorwa rite?

- Impamvu zikunze kugaragara: inyandiko zibura, kudahuza neza kw'amakode ya HS, ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi.
- Dufasha mu gutanga inyandiko, amabaruwa asobanura, no guhuza abahuza b'abakiriya bo mu gace.

IV. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni izihe ngano zisanzwe z'ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibintu?

Ubwoko bw'ikonteyineri	Ingano z'imbere (m)	Ingano (CBM)	Umutwaro munini (toni)
20GP	5.9 × 2.35 × 2.39	hafi 33	hafi 28
40GP	12.03 × 2.35 × 2.39	hafi 67	hafi 28
40HC	12.03 × 2.35 × 2.69	hafi 76	hafi 28

2. Ese ibicuruzwa biteje akaga bishobora gutwarwa?

- Yego, hari ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe biteje akaga bya UN bishobora gufatwa.
- Inyandiko zisabwa: MSDS (EN+CN), icyapa cy'ibyago, icyemezo cya UN cyo gupakira. Gupakira bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na IMDG (mu nyanja) cyangwa IATA (mu kirere).
- Ku bateri za lithiyumu: MSDS (EN+CN), icyemezo cyo gupakira cya UN, raporo yo gushyira mu byiciro, na raporo y'ikizamini cya UN38.3.

3. Ese hari uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa inzu ku nzu?

- Ibihugu byinshi bishyigikira amabwiriza ya DDU/DDP mu gutanga serivisi za nyuma.
- Kuboneka n'ikiguzi biterwa na politiki ya gasutamo n'aho ibicuruzwa bitangirwa.

4. Ese uburenganzira bwo kwemererwa kujya kuri gasutamo bushobora gushyigikirwa?

- Yego, dutanga abakozi cyangwa abahagarariye abandi mu bihugu bikomeye.
- Hari aho bikorerwa hashyigikirwa gutangaza mbere y’uko ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu, no gutanga ubufasha ku mpushya zo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, ibyemezo by’aho bikomoka (CO), na COC.

5. Ese mutanga ububiko bw'abandi bantu?

- Dutanga ububiko muri Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dubai, Rotterdam, n'ahandi.
- Serivisi zirimo gutondeka, gushyira mu mapaki, kongera gupakira; bibereye ihinduka rya B2B-to-B2C ndetse n'ububiko bushingiye ku mushinga.

6. 13. Ese hari ibisabwa mu miterere y'inyemezabuguzi n'urutonde rw'ibipakiye?

- Inyandiko zo kohereza hanze zigomba kuba zirimo:
• Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa mu Cyongereza
• Kode za HS
• Ingano, igiciro cya buri kimwe, n'igiteranyo cyose
• Itangazo ry'inkomoko (urugero, “Byakorewe mu Bushinwa”)

- Imbonerahamwe cyangwa serivisi zo kugenzura zirahari.

7. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kugenzurwa kuri gasutamo?

-Akenshi harimo:
• Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (urugero: optique, lasers)
• Ibinyabutabire, imiti, inyongeramusaruro z'ibiribwa
• Ibintu bikoresha batiri
• Ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa cyangwa bigenzurwa mu mahanga

- Gutanga ibitekerezo by'ukuri birasabwa; dushobora gutanga inama zo kubahiriza amategeko.

V. Agace gahuza uturere "Urugendo rw'umunsi umwe" (Kohereza no gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga)

1. Igikorwa cy'urugendo rw'umunsi umwe gishingiye ku "bufatanye" ni iki?

Uburyo bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa aho "byoherezwa" mu karere gafite ingwate hanyuma "bikongera kwinjizwa" ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu uwo munsi. Nubwo nta rugendo nyakuri rwambukiranya imipaka rubaho, inzira yemewe n'amategeko, ituma habaho kugabanyirizwa imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga n'imisoro yimuriwe mu mahanga.

2. Bikora bite?

Isosiyete A yohereza ibicuruzwa mu karere kagenzurwa kandi igasaba kugabanyirizwa umusoro. Isosiyete B itumiza ibicuruzwa bimwe mu karere, birashoboka ko ishobora gutinda gusora. Ibicuruzwa biguma mu karere kagenzurwa, kandi inzira zose za gasutamo zirangizwa mu munsi umwe.

3. Ni izihe nyungu z'ingenzi?

• Kugabanyirizwa byihuse TVA: Kugabanyirizwa byihuse iyo winjiriye mu gace gafite ingwate.
• Amafaranga make yo gutwara ibintu n'imisoro: Bisimbura "urugendo rwa Hong Kong," bikagabanya igihe n'amafaranga.
• Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Ituma habaho kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byemewe n’amategeko no kugabanya umusoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.
• Uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa neza: Ni byiza cyane mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byihutirwa nta gutinda koherezwa mu mahanga.

4. Urugero rw'ingero z'ikoreshwa

• Umutanga serivisi yihutisha gusubizwa imisoro mu gihe umuguzi atinda kwishyura imisoro.
• Uruganda ruhagarika ibyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi rukoresha urugendo rw’ingwate kugira ngo rwongere rutumize ibicuruzwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

5. Ni iki gikwiye kwitabwaho?

• Kugenzura amateka y'ubucuruzi nyakuri n'imenyekanisha ry'ibyavuye muri gasutamo rikwiye.
• Bigarukira ku bikorwa bireba uturere dufitanye isano.
• Gusesengura uburyo ikiguzi cyakoreshejwe neza hashingiwe ku mafaranga yo kwishyura imisoro n'inyungu z'umusoro.