Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga mu gucunga amabuye y'agaciro y'ingenzi, guhera mu 2026, kohereza amafaranga mu mahanga mu Bushinwa byinjiye ku mugaragaro mu gihe cya “itsinda rimwe, kwemeza rimwe". Ibigo byose byohereza mu mahanga bigombabanza ubone ibyangombwa, hanyuma ubone ibyangombwa, kuzamura cyane imbogamizi zo kwinjira no gukaza inzira. Ni gute ibigo bigomba kubyitwaramo? Nyamuneka reba iri sesengura ryimbitse.
I. Impinduka z'ingenzi mu mategeko: Kuva ku "Gutanga" kugeza ku "Kwemeza"
Mbere, ibigo byujuje ibisabwa byashoboraga kohereza amafaranga mu mahanga nyuma yo kurangiza gahunda yo kuyatanga. Ubu, bigomba kwemeza “inzitizi ebyiri":
1. Inzitizi yo kwinjira mu kigo: Ubwa mbere, saba "Impamyabushobozi yo kohereza hanze ya feza". Nyuma yo kwemezwa ni bwo ikigo gishobora gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'amadosiye ya Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi (MOFCOM).
2. Inzitizi zo Kwemeza Kohereza mu mahanga: Mbere ya buri kohereza mu mahanga,Uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahangabigomba gusabwa ku giti cyabyo kuri buri masezerano, ni ukuvuga, “amasezerano amwe, isuzuma rimwe".
Amabwiriza ashingiye kuAmatangazo ya MOFCOM No. 68 na No. 69 yo mu 2025, yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026.
II. WEse ushobora kubona "itike yo kwinjira"? Ingero z'ibizamini mu buryo burambuye
| Ingano y'ingaruka | Ibikubiye mu buryo bwihariye | Impande zirebwa n'ikibazo |
| Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo kwinjira | Abakora (Abashaka akazi bashya): Bisabwaumusaruro wa feza urenga toni 80 ku mwaka muri 2024(yorohejwe kugeza kuri toni zirenga 40 mu turere tw'Iburengerazuba). Ibigo byujuje ibisabwa biriho: Ugomba kugiraumusaruro nyawo wo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri buri mwaka kuva mu 2022 kugeza 2024. | Inganda nto n'iziciriritse, abashya binjira ku isoko |
| CIyubahirizwa ry'amategeko rihoraho | Bisaba ibigo gutsinda ibyemezo bya sisitemu nkaISO9000 (Ubwiza)naISO14000 (Ibidukikije), kandi bubahiriza neza amabwiriza agenga umusaruro w’umutekano, ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, imisoro n’ivunjisha. | Ibigo byose bisaba akazi |
| Umubare muto w'abatumiza mu mahanga | Umubare w'ibigo byemerewe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihe cya 2026-2027 washyizwe kuri44. | Imiterere y'inganda muri rusange |
| Ihindagurika ry'Uruhererekane Mpuzamahanga rw'Ibicuruzwa | Nk’umucuruzi ukomeye ku isi, ingamba zo kugenzura Ubushinwa zishobora kugira ingaruka ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya feza, bikaba byakongera ihindagurika ry’ibiciro. | Abakiriya mpuzamahanga bashya |
III. Gusaba Impamyabushobozi: Ni iki ibigo bigomba gukora?
1. Intambwe ya 1: Kwisuzuma ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko
Genzura niba ingano y'umusaruro, inyandiko zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, n'ibyemezo bya sisitemu byuzuye kandi urebe neza ko nta kutubahiriza amategeko.
2. Intambwe ya 2: Tegura ibikoresho byo gushyira mu bikorwa
Uruhushya rw'ubucuruzi, kode ya gasutamo, ibyemezo bya sisitemu, icyemezo cy'ingano y'umusaruro, ibyemezo byo kwishyura umusoro, nibindi.
3. Intambwe ya 3: Kohereza ubusabe
Gushyikiriza ishami ry’ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’intara (ibigo bikorera muri sosiyete nkuru bitanga raporo kuri MOFCOM), hanyuma bikayishyikiriza hamwe.
4. Intambwe ya 4: Kugenzura urutonde rw'abantu bose
MOFCOM izashyira ahagaragara urutonde rw'ibanze rw'isuzuma (igihe cy'iminsi 7 cyo gutangaza ku mugaragaro). Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'itangwa ry'amadosiye ruzatangazwa ku mugaragaro.
✅ Icyibutso cy'ingenzi:Ibisobanuro byose birambuye ku mategeko bigengwa n’amatangazo ya MOFCOM No. 68 na No. 69 yo mu 2025.
IV. "Amasezerano y'Isuzuma Rimwe" ni iki? Nigute wakora?
Kubona impamyabumenyi ni intambwe ya mbere gusa;amasezerano amwe, isuzuma rimwe"birakenewe mbere ya buri kohereza hanze:
● Icyo ari cyo: Buri masezerano yo kohereza mu mahanga ajyanye n'umweUruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahangaNta kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byemewe nta ruhushya.
● Aho wasaba akazi: Saba ubusabe kuri interineti ukoresheje MOFCOM"Gusaba no Kwiyandikisha mu Bucuruzi bw'Amahanga"sisitemu.
● Ibikoresho bikenewe:
(1) Icyemezo cy'uko ikigo cyujuje ibisabwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga
(2) Ifishi yo gusaba uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga
(3) Amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga cyangwa kopi y'umwimerere
(4) Amakuru y’abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (rimwe na rimwe arakenewe)
● Ni iki gisubirwamoUretse ukuri kw'ibikoresho, hazasuzumwa ibintu nk'igiciro, ingano, n'umukoresha kugira ngo harebwe ko bihuye na politiki y'igihugu.
⚠️ Umuburo:Iyo habonetse amatangazo y'ibinyoma, amasezerano y'impimbano, n'ibindi, uruhushya rumwe rushobora kwamburwa gusa, ahubwo n'icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga gishobora no guhagarikwa burundu.
V. Urutonde rw'ibikorwa by'ikigo: Intambwe eshatu zo kubahiriza amategeko mu buryo bunoze
| Icyiciro | Ibintu by'Ibikorwa | Ingingo z'ingenzi n'intego |
| Icyiciro cyo Kwisuzuma ku Giciro | 1. Kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'ubushobozi bwo gukora n'ibisabwa mu mikorere nk'uko Itangazo No 68 ribivuga. 2. Kugenzura ko ibyemezo byose bya sisitemu (ISO9000/14000) byuzuye kandi bifite ishingiro. 3. Gusuzuma inyandiko z'imisoro, ubwishingizi bw'imibereho myiza, iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ibidukikije, no kugenzura ko nta binyuranyije n'amategeko. | Emeza ko wemerewe gusaba "itike yo kwinjira". |
| Icyiciro cyo Gutegura Porogaramu | 1. Vugana n'inzego z'ubucuruzi z'intara kugira ngo ubone amabwiriza agezweho yo gukoresha. 2. Gutegura inyandiko zose zikenewe zishyigikira ibyo ukeneye hakurikijwe amatangazo. | Menya neza ko ibikoresho byo gusaba byatsinze isuzuma ku nshuro ya mbere, wirinde ko habaho gusubira inyuma no gusubira inyuma. |
| Icyiciro cya nyuma y'ibizamini | 1. Gutegura amahugurwa ku matsinda y'ubucuruzi n'ay'imisoro ku bijyanye na sisitemu n'uburyo bwo gusaba uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. 2. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma amasezerano imbere no kugenzura ubusabe bw'uruhushya. 3. Gukurikiranira hafi uko ibikorwa by'inganda bigenda n'impinduka zishobora kubaho muri politiki. | Menya neza ko "amasezerano yose, isuzuma rimwe" ryujuje ibisabwa kandi rikora neza, rigabanya ibyago. |
VI. Inkomoko ya Politiki: Kuki hakomeje gukazwa ubu?
● Urwego rw'imbere mu gihugu: Ubushinwa bukomeje gukomeza kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku byuma by'ingenzi nka tungsten, antimony, na feza mu myaka yashize kugira ngo burinde umutekano w'umutungo kamere n'ubuzima bw'inganda.
● Urwego Mpuzamahanga: Mu Gushyingo 2025, Amerika yongereye ifeza kuUrutonde rw'amabuye y'agaciro y'ingenzi, kugaragaza akamaro kayo mu rwego rw'ingamba no kongera imbaraga mu irushanwa ry'umutungo mpuzamahanga.
Incamake y'ibyo wibutsa
Guhera mu 2026, kohereza amafaranga mu mahanga ntabwo bikiri inzira yoroshye. Ibigo bigomba:
1. Ubwa mbere, shaka impamyabumenyi– Kugenzura byimazeyo abinjira.
2. Hanyuma, fata ibyemezo by'impushya– Uruhushya rusabwa kuri buri kohereza.
Ni byiza ko ibigo bireba bihita bitangira kwisuzuma no gusaba serivisi kugira ngo bihuze n'amabwiriza mashya hakiri kare kandi birinde ihungabana ry'ubucuruzi. Kuyubahiriza ni ingenzi mu mikorere irambye.
Umugereka: Imbonerahamwe yuzuye y'ibikorwa byo gusaba ibyangombwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga hamwe n'"Amasezerano amwe, Isuzuma rimwe"
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 12-2026