I. Ntabwo ari ukugabanya imisoro yose, ahubwo ni ingenzi cyane mu kimenyetso
Ibintu by'ingenzi ku ivugurura rya politiki y'imisoro hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika:
| Ikintu | Ibisobanuro birambuye | Isoko |
|---|---|---|
| Itariki y'amasezerano ya politiki | Itangazo rihuriweho ryashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 12 Gicurasi 2025 | Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi y'Ubushinwa, Xinhua News |
| Imisoro ya Amerika yakuweho | 91% by'imisoro y'inyongera yakuweho | Byemejwe ku mugaragaro |
| Imisoro yo mu Bushinwa yakuweho | 91% by'imisoro yo kwishyura yakuweho | Byemejwe ku mugaragaro |
| “Imisoro ku mpande zombi” ya Amerika yahagaritswe | 24% byahagaritswe mu minsi 90 | Byemejwe ku mugaragaro |
| Imisoro yo mu Bushinwa yahagaritswe | 24% byahagaritswe mu minsi 90 | Byemejwe ku mugaragaro |
| Amafaranga y'imisoro yagumanye | Imisoro y'ibanze ya 10% yagumanywe n'impande zombi | Byemejwe ku mugaragaro |
| Ingingo ya 301 y'amahoro ku byiciro bitari iby'ingenzi | Yagabanutse kuva kuri 25% kugera kuri 7.5% | Hakenewe igenzura ryinyongera |
| Imirongo mishya 1.200 y'imisoro yasonewe | Igipimo rusange cyatangajwe, urutonde rwuzuye ruracyategereje | Byemejwe igice |
| $ 800 de minimis ikurwaho | Dutegereje kwemeza ku mugaragaro | Bigomba kwemezwa |
| Itariki yo gutangira gukurikizwa | Bizagenwa hashingiwe ku itangazo rya nyuma rya MOFCOM | Bitegereje |
Icyitonderwa cy'ingenzi:Urutonde rwuzuye rw'"imirongo 1.200 y'imisoro" n'itangazo ryemewe "ritangira gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Kamena" ntibiratangazwa binyuze mu nzira rusange. Ni byiza kwishingikiriza ku matangazo ya nyuma ya Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi y'Ubushinwa (www.mofcom.gov.cn) n'urubuga rwa interineti rwa USTR rwo muri Amerika.
Nubwo ivugurura rya politiki ritoroshye, ibyo isoko ryitezwe byamaze gutera imbere. Ku nganda mpuzamahanga zitwara ibintu n'ibindi bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, iki kiracyari idirishya ry'ingenzi ryo kuvugurura imiterere y'imiterere y'ibintu no kunoza ibiciro. Idirishya ryashyizwe mu buryo bw'agateganyo kuIminsi 90.
II. Ingaruka ku bigo bishinzwe gutwara ibintu: Gukomera k'ubushobozi bw'igihe gito, Uburyo bwo kongera gukusanya ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire bwavuguruwe
Hashingiwe ku bitekerezo by’inganda, igisubizo cy’isoko ku nyungu za politiki cyatangiye kugaragara:
Ubwiyongere bugaragara bw'ibibazo n'amabwiriza by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, bishimangira ubushobozi bw'Amerika
Nyuma y’amakuru ya politiki, zimwe mu nzego z’inganda zatangaje ko hari ukwiyongera gukomeye mu bibazo n’ibisabwa n’abakiriya bo muri Amerika, bigaragazwa na:
- Ubwinshi bw'abatumije ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi byo ku nkombe y'uburengerazuba ya Amerika n'ibyo ku nkombe y'uburasirazuba buriyongera, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa bukomeje kuba buke.
- Ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifite agaciro gakomeye, ibice by’imodoka, n’ibindi byiciro
- Kwiyongera k'ubusabe bw'imenyekanisha ry'imisoro, byongera igitutu ku bucuruzi bw'imisoro n'amahoro
Ubwiyongere bw'ibyifuzo byo kubika ububiko mu mahanga nk'ubushobozi bw'ingenzi bwo gutanga serivisi
Bitewe n’impinduka mu biciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye, bamwe mu bagurisha ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barimo gusuzuma impinduka mu buryo bwo kubika ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Muri iki gihe, ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bubiko bwo mu mahanga hafi y’ibyambu bikomeye nka Los Angeles, New York, na Dallas bwagaragaje iterambere rigaragara umwaka ushize, aho ahantu hamwe na hamwe hazwi cyane hagaragara imirongo.
Ku nganda zikora ibijyanye n'ibikoresho, ibi bivuze:
- Izamuka rikomeje ry'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe byo kohereza ibicuruzwa byuzuye (FCL) ku modoka zijya muri Amerika
- Ubushobozi bwo kubika ibicuruzwa no gukoresha neza ibicuruzwa biba inyungu z'ingenzi mu guha serivisi abakiriya
- Kubona ubushobozi n'umutungo w'ububiko mu mahanga mbere y'igihe biba ingamba y'ingenzi
Serivisi z'ibicuruzwa zigomba kuvugurura kugira ngo zisubize ibibazo
- Gukurikirana ku gihe urutonde rw'imirongo y'imisoro rwashyizwe ahagaragara ku mugaragaro kugira ngo bifashe abakiriya kumenya amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa inyungu ku misoro
- Gutanga ibisubizo by'ibikoresho bihuriweho icyarimwe bivanze "gutunganya ibiciro + gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi + ububiko bw'ibintu mu mahanga"
- Tanga amakuru mu buryo bufatika ku bijyanye n'ubucucike bw'ibyambu bya Amerika byo ku nkombe y'uburengerazuba, ubushobozi, n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'imizigo
III. Ingaruka ku bakiriya - Isesengura rishingiye ku bwoko bune bw'abakiriya
Hashingiwe kuri politiki y’imisoro iheruka n’impinduka ku isoko, abakiriya bagabanywa mu byiciro bine by’ingenzi:
Icyiciro cya 1: Abagenerwabikorwa bataziguye
Ibicuruzwa biri ku rutonde rw'ibigomba kurekurwa, birimo ibyiciro bizwi cyane nk'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho by'imodoka, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga:
- Ibiciro by'imisoro biri hasi, inyungu zishobora kwiyongera mu byoherezwa mu mahanga zishobora kwiyongera
- Ubushake bwiyongereye bw'abaguzi bo muri Amerika bwo gushyiraho amabwiriza y'inyongera no kubaka ububiko
Icyiciro cya 2: Abagenerwabikorwa bataziguye mu ruhererekane rw'inganda
Ibicuruzwa ntibiri ku rutonde rw'ibigomba kurekurwa, ariko isosiyete itanga ibice, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byo gukora, nibindi, ku nganda zigira akamaro:
- Ibiciro biri hasi ku bashora imari mu mahanga no kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa bishobora gutuma habaho icyifuzo cy'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu mahanga
Icyiciro cya 3: Abagurisha mu bihugu bihana imbibi bishingikiriza ku kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye hakoreshejwe amapaki magufi
Bitewe n’impinduka mu biciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye (gukuraho ko nta gaciro ka $800 de minimis kari hafi kwemezwa ku mugaragaro), inyungu ku bikoresho bisanzwe bito bishobora kugabanuka.
Icyiciro cya 4: Ibigo bifite ibyiciro byoroheje cyane kandi bitarekurwa
Imashini zimwe na zimwe zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byihariye, ibikoresho byihariye, nibindi, bitarebwa n'iri vugurura ry'ibiciro:
- Igabanuka ry'ibiciro mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga
- Ingaruka z'abaguzi bo mu mahanga bayobya imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bya gatatu
IV. Idirishya rirageze: Inyungu zirahari – Witeguye?
1) Inyungu ku misoro: Inyungu zigenewe ibyiciro byihariye
Nubwo iyi politiki ikubiyemo ibintu bike, yibanda ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini, n'ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byinshi. Kugabanya imisoro bizamura mu buryo butaziguye ipiganwa ry'ibiciro ry'ibicuruzwa by'Abashinwa ku isoko rya Amerika.
2) Inganda zikora ibijyanye n'ibicuruzwa: Kuva ku irushanwa ry'ibiciro ukajya ku irushanwa ry'agaciro
Kubera kwiyongera kw'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ubushobozi bwo kugabanya, ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'ubukene bw'ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, inganda zikora ibijyanye n'ibicuruzwa zirimo kwinjira mu cyiciro cyo guhatana cyane hibandwa ku bushobozi bw'ibikoresho, kwizerwa ku ngengabihe, n'ibisubizo by'umwuga. Abatanga serivisi z'ibicuruzwa bafite ubushobozi bugana muri Amerika, ububiko bwiza bwo mu mahanga, n'ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa ku buntu mu buryo bw'umwuga bazaba abafatanyabikorwa beza ku bakiriya b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga.
3) Inama ku bakiriya bose b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga
Suzuma ako kanya kode za HS z'ibicuruzwa byawe kugira ngo urebe niba ziri ku rutonde rw'ibisabwa kugabanya
Subiramo gahunda yawe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gice cya kabiri - suzuma uburyo bwo guhuza amakontenari mato mu buryo bwuzuye, urebe ko ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha hakiri kare, kandi ugashyira mu mahanga ububiko bwawe.
Hitamo umufatanyabikorwa w'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi ufite garanti y'ubushobozi bwo gukora, umutungo w'ububiko mu mahanga, imisoro y'umwuga kuri gasutamo, no kugaragara neza kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2026